The objective of this clinical trial is to assess the feasibility of the remimazolam combined with esketamine OFA (opioid-free anesthesia) protocol for painless gastroscopy and colonoscopy in elderly patients and to determine if it is non-inferior to the traditional OA (opioid-containing anesthesia) protocol. The main questions it aims to answer are:
* Is the remimazolam combined with esketamine protocol feasible for painless gastroscopy and colonoscopy in elderly patients? * Is the OFA protocol superior to the OA protocol?
Participants will:
* During anesthesia induction, the experimental group will receive remimazolam combined with esketamine for anesthesia, while the control group will receive remimazolam combined with remifentanil. * Record respiratory and circulatory indicators and adverse reaction times.
Patients undergoing painless gastroenteroscopy in outpatient clinics;
aged 65 years and above;
American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grades I - III.
Patients with abnormal liver or kidney function;
known respiratory or endocrine diseases;
Patients with uncontrolled hypertension and NYHA classification Ⅲ-Ⅳ;
Taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors, sedatives, analgesics, hypnotics, antipsychotics, antiemetics or antidepressants;
Harbin Medical University
Lead sponsor
First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
Collaborator