This study aims to evaluate whether the combination of Traditional Chinese Medicine Five-Element Music Therapy and acupoint patch therapy can effectively reduce intraoperative pain and anxiety in patients undergoing ureteroscopic lithotripsy for upper urinary tract calculi under local anesthesia, compared to conventional local anesthesia alone.
Age 18 years or older.
Computed tomography confirmed diagnosis of upper urinary tract calculi.
Stone size less than 2 cm in maximum diameter.
Scheduled to undergo primary ureteroscopic lithotripsy.
Congenital malformation of the urinary system
History of allergy to local anesthetics
Mental disorder that precludes cooperation with the surgical procedure
Uncontrolled urinary tract infection before surgery
Li Fang
Lead sponsor
Ningbo No. 1 Hospital
Sponsor institution