The goal of this clinical trial is to compare blood pressure and heart rate between the fiberoptic and direct oral intubation using opioid free anesthesia induction. Secondary objectives include comparing the time needed for intubation and the incidence of postoperative sore throat, hoarseness, and upper airway trauma in adults aging between 18 to 55 years, scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia.
The main question it aims to answer is:
Does fiberoptic intubation cause less hemodynamic instability than direct oral intubation using opioid free anesthesia induction?
ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) physical status I and II
Range age of 18-55 years' old
Scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia.
History of cardiovascular diseases.
History of lung disease.
Hypertensive patient (BP> 140/90)
Patient taking medications that affect blood pressure and heart rate
Parallel
direct conventional laryngoscopy
Devicedirect conventional laryngoscopy will be performed with N3 (for females) or N4 (for males) Macintosh laryngoscope blade.
fiberoptic guided intubation
Devicefiberoptic guided intubation will be performed.
Heart rate
Heart rate (bpm)
Blood pressure
Blood pressure (mm Hg)
time needed for intubation
time (between face mask removal and first ETCO2 reading in minutes)
incidence of postoperative sore throat
Sore throat pain (0-10)
incidence of upper airway trauma
incidence of upper airway trauma (Yes or No)
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