This cross-sectional study aims to investigate the associations between dietary intake, cardiometabolic health markers, and gut microbiota composition in Singapore adults.
Able to give informed consent
Adults 21-80 years old
English-literate
Have venous access sufficient to allow for blood sampling as per the protocol
Taking dietary supplements and fermented foods, which may impact the gut microbiota (e.g. antibiotics, prebiotics, probiotics, yogurt, kimchi) 2 months before starting the 1st study visit only.
Taking dietary supplements or medications, which may impact sleep outcomes (e.g. Nutritional Shakes (e.g. Ensure), tryptophan, 5-hydroxytryptophan or melatonin supplementations) 1 month before starting the study.
Taking dietary supplements which may impact the eye outcomes (e.g. Vitamin A, vitamin A-containing multivitamin) 2 months before starting the study.
Singapore adults
Cohort
Cross-sectional
Not listed
Dietary intake
Use a 3-day food record to document dietary intake
Blood pressure
Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (in mmHg) will be measured by a blood pressure monitor.
Blood lipid lipoprotein profile
Total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglyceride concentration in the blood will be measured
Fasting blood glucose
Glucose concentration in the blood will be measured
Sleep quality-Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Questionnaire
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Questionnaire (PSQI) will be used to assess the sleep quality. Overall score ranging from 0 to 21 points, where lower scores denote a healthier sleep quality.
Cognitive function
Use Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) questionnaires to assess cognitive function. A score of 26 or above (out of 30) is generally considered normal, though adjustments may be made for educational level.
Skin carotenoid concentration
Skin carotenoid concentration: This can be measured by Resonance Raman Spectroscopy, the unit is skin carotenoid score, a higher score means optimal, lower score means poor condition of skin carotenoids.
Macular Pigment Optical Density (MPOD)
Macular Pigment Optical Density (MPOD): A measurement of macular pigment of the eye using a heterochromatic flicker photometry device. The measurements are in arbitrary units.
Anthopometric measurements
Height, weight, and waist circumference will be measured for each subject
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