This is a controlled study of patients with and without primary premature ejaculation. It is based on near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) functional brain imaging to detect and compare changes in brain activity in resting and task states (Simulated Sex) between the two groups of patients.
patients' age varied from 18 to 45 years；
patients met the 2014 International Society for Sexual Medicine (ISSM) definition criteria for PPE；
patients had a stable, heterosexual relationship with a single sexually active female partner for at least 6 months and with at least two sexual intercourses a week and kept stable during the study period;
Patients with premature ejaculation lasting longer than 6 months；
patients were diagnosed with secondary PE, variable PE, and subjective PE;
patients were using medications for endocrinological, metabolic, chronic systemic, or psychiatric diseases;
patients were abusing alcohol or illegal drugs；
patients were diagnosed with erectile dysfunction (ED) if their scores were <21 on the abridged five-item International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5)