Pneumonia, which can be acquired in the community (including influenza and COVID-19), is a leading cause of mortality. The risk of severe cardiovascular diseases events (stroke, myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism) increases after infections, but causal mechanisms are not understood yet. There is an essential need for improved understanding of the relationship between pneumonia and cardiovascular diseases and early identification of patients at risk of cardiovascular events to develop tailored therapies.
The overall concept underpinning "Homi-lung" is to investigate the time course of host-microbiome interactions during \& after pneumonia to i) understand the causal relationship between trained immunity, microbiome dysbiosis and cardiovascular and respiratory diseases (CVRD) progressions, ii) define endotypes of pneumonia associated with response to treatment \& CVRD history; iii) develop biomarkers to predict the individual response to the treatment \& CVRD progression, and iv) preclinically validate therapeutical approaches for CVRD during \& after pneumonia.
Adults (18 years or more) of both genders (Female/Male: 50/50 ratio)
No history of severe pneumonia (sCAP, COVID-19 or HAP)
Presence of no or one of the following comorbidities: obesity (defined as body mass index over 35 kg/m2), type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, essential arterial hypertension, or familial history of CVD.
Adults (18 years or more) of both genders (Female/Male ratio: 50/50)
Presence of two or more comorbidities
Any other co-existing disorder generating CVRD symptoms
Limited chance of survival for at least six months due to co-existing comorbidity (-ies) according to the judgement of the attending physicians
Pregnancy or lactation