Nocturnal enuresis, commonly known as bedwetting, is a frequent condition that affects many children and can have a significant impact on their self-esteem, social life, and family stress. The causes of bedwetting can vary widely, ranging from deep sleep patterns and excess nighttime urine production to underlying medical conditions like constipation, urinary tract infections, or enlarged tonsils and adenoids (which can affect breathing during sleep).The main goal of this descriptive study is to understand the different types and the underlying causes of bedwetting among children attending the pediatric outpatient clinics at Assiut University Children's Hospital. By identifying these specific causes in the local population, healthcare providers can offer better, more targeted treatments and help reduce the stigma surrounding this condition.
During a single clinic visit, researchers will collect information through a structured interview with the parents and the child. The study involves a routine physical examination, including checking weight, height, and looking for physical signs of constipation or enlarged tonsils. Participants will also undergo standard tests to help pinpoint any medical causes, such as a urine test (urinalysis and culture), a basic ultrasound of the abdomen and pelvis, and potentially plain X-rays if issues like severe constipation or airway blockages are suspected.
The study aims to include at least 80 male and female children aged 5 years and older who have been experiencing bedwetting at least twice a week for three months or more.
Male and female children aged above 5 years.
Presenting with nocturnal enuresis, defined as involuntary voiding during sleep for ≥2 nights/week for ≥3 months.
Parents or caregivers providing informed consent, including child assent where applicable.
Children with known neurological disorders, such as epilepsy or cerebral palsy.
Presence of an acute urinary tract infection (indicated by a positive urine culture requiring treatment).
Children diagnosed with diabetes mellitus.
Structural anomalies of the urinary system requiring immediate surgery, such as severe hypospadias.