This study aims to compare clinical outcomes and tissue stability at implant sites in the mandibular posterior region with insufficient buccal keratinized gingiva. It will assess the use of free gingival grafts either before or during the second stage of implant surgery.
Age ≥ 18 years, gender unrestricted;
partially edentulous in the mandible posterior area, planned for implant-supported fixed restoration;
Buccal keratinized mucosa width at the implant site is less than 2mm, with the transplantation area not exceeding 2 teeth;
No soft tissue augmentation performed at the site prior to surgery;
Uncontrolled metabolic diseases;
Severe periodontal disease, with unstable periodontal condition;
Smoking > 10 cigarettes per day;
Unwilling to participate in the follow-up of this study;