A multicenter randomized controlled trial
Adults aged 19 to 69 years at the time of signing the informed consent.
Individuals who have experienced low back pain for ≥6 months, presenting with either continuous or intermittent symptoms.
Participants with a Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) score ≥ 5 for low back pain at screening.
Individuals who fully understand the clinical trial procedures and voluntarily agree to participate by providing written informed consent.
Patients diagnosed with serious underlying conditions that may cause low back pain, such as spinal metastasis of malignancy, acute vertebral fracture, or spinal dislocation.
Patients with progressive neurological deficits or those presenting with severe neurological symptoms.
Patients whose pain originates from non-spinal soft tissue disorders, including tumors, fibromyalgia, rheumatoid arthritis, or gout.
Individuals with other chronic medical conditions that may interfere with treatment response or interpretation of study outcomes, such as stroke, myocardial infarction, chronic kidney disease, diabetic neuropathy, dementia, or epilepsy.