This is a multi-center, open-label, non-randomized, two-arm, non-inferior trial. Patients with r/r B-ALL would be assigned to the CD19 CAR and CD22 CAR T-cell sequential infusion group (Sequential CAR, Arm-1) and the CD19 CAR T-cell infusion bridging to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation group (CAR+HSCT, Arm-2), according their own discretion. Patients would be also allowed to assigned to the CD19 CAR T-cell infusion without consolidation therapies group (Single CAR, additional placebo arm) according their own discretion. The primary objective is to prospectively evaluate and compare the efficacy of CD19 CAR and CD22 CAR T cell sequential infusions and CD19 CAR T-cell infusion bridging to HSCT in the treatment of r/r B-ALL. The primary endpoint is event-free survival of children and adolescent and young adult (AYA) with r/r B-ALL a treated with CD19 CAR and CD22 CAR T-cell sequential infusions and CD19 CAR T-cell infusion bridging to HSCT. A total number of 353 subjects will be enrolled.
Patients who were diagnosed as primary refractory or relapsed B-ALL. (Criterion-reference: NCCN, version 2.2023); All the patients matched the diagnostic criteria of ALL according to the NCCN guideline (≥20% bone marrow lymphoblasts on hematopathology review of bone marrow aspirate and biopsy materials, which were confirmed by comprehensive flow cytometric immunophenotyping, minimal residual disease analysis and karyotyping of G-banded metaphase chromosomes). Molecular characterization could be obtained via interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) testing, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing, comprehensive testing by next-generation sequencing (NGS) for gene fusions and pathogenic mutations, etc. Determination of the World Health Organization ALL subtypes and cytogenetic and clinical risk groups were also allowed. B-ALL patients who did not achieve a complete remission after previous therapy (including the various treatment response scenarios shown in Table 1), who did not achieve a complete remission after at least two lines of TKI agents (including the various treatment response scenarios shown in Table 1), or who had ≥1 relapses were defined as having refractory or relapsed disease. Patients who were diagnosed as CD19- and CD22-positive high-risk B-ALL with continuous positive minimal residual disease (MRD) for more than three months after last therapy were also eligible. Patients had positive CD19 and CD22 expression on leukemia blasts by FCM (>80% CD19 and CD22 positive);
Age from 1 to 70 years old;
No serious allergic constitution;
Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (Oken et al., 1982) score 0 to 2;
Intracranial hypertension or unconscious;
Acute heart failure or severe arrhythmia;
Acute respiratory failure;
Other types of malignant tumors;
Beijing GoBroad Hospital
Lead sponsor
The General Hospital of Western Theater Command
Collaborator
Zhaxin Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai
Collaborator
Shanghai Liquan Hospital
Collaborator
Ruijin Hospital
Collaborator
Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang
Collaborator
First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University
Collaborator