Robotic surgery is one of the most popular minimally invasive procedures for patients with coronary artery disease or valvular diseases. Studies have shown that, as compared to conventional sternotomy, patients underwent robot-assisted bypass grafting or valvuloplasty had less post-operation pain, blood transfusion volume during operation, re-operation rate, post-operation stroke rate and length of hospitalization. However, most studies focused on the comparison of complications of different procedures, and the investigation of cardiopulmonary function recovery is still lacking. Thus our study is to compare the functional outcomes between patients that undergo different surgical procedures.
patient who undergo surgery for coronary artery bypass graft or valvular replacement.
pregnant
patients who receive more than one type of surgery
severe complications after surgery (ex. respiratory failure, stroke) and stayed in hospital for more than 2 weeks.
cannot perform the cardiopulmonary exercise testing