The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness and related complications of anti-reflux stents used in pediatric urolithiasis surgery at the Children's Hospital affiliated with Zhejiang University School of Medicine, by comparing them with conventional stents.
A definitive diagnosis of urinary tract stones by CT scan, with indications for ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URL), percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), laparoscopic/open stone extraction with or without robotic assistance, or combined endoscopic lithotripsy, and no contraindications;
Age is less than 18 years old;
For preschool children, the informed consent form is signed by the parents; for school-age children, the informed consent form is signed by both the parents and the child themselves.
A history of recurrent bladder irritative symptoms or urinary tract infections;
Severe renal insufficiency, anatomical or functional solitary kidney, and other significant comorbidities that render the child unsuitable for participation in the study;
Stent placement surgery within the past 3 months;
Recent use of medications that may interfere with the study results, such as solifenacin;