The goal of this observational study is to learn how people with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF) can be grouped into different "phenotypes" based on their clinical information. The researchers want to understand whether these groups have different health profiles and different responses during a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET).
The main questions this study aims to answer are:
* Can clinical data be used to identify meaningful HFpEF phenotypes? * Do these phenotypes match well-known HFpEF scores, such as the H2FPEF and Heart Failure Association Pre-test Assessment, Echocardiography and Natriuretic Peptide (HFA-PEFF) scores? * Do people in different phenotypes show different results on a CPET?
Participants will:
* Have their past clinical records reviewed if they were diagnosed with HFpEF at the Local Health Unit of the Leiria Region (ULS RL); * A smaller group will attend one visit to complete a CPET, which measures how the heart, lungs and muscles respond during exercise.
This study includes adults aged 18 years or older who have HFpEF. The study does not involve any new treatments or experimental drugs.
Age ≥18 years;
Established diagnosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (LVEF ≥50%);
Patients receiving care (outpatient or inpatient) at the Local Health Unit of the Leiria Region (ULS RL) since September 2018.
Age ≥18 years;
Incomplete or inadequate medical records preventing full data extraction.
Medical contraindication or physical inability to perform cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET);
Inability to provide informed consent.
Instituto Politécnico de Leiria
Lead sponsor
Faculty of Medicine of Universidade de Lisboa (FMUL)
Collaborator
Hospital Santo André - Centro Hospitalar de Leiria
Collaborator
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)
Collaborator