This study aims to investigate how moderate wine consumption influences circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) in healthy adults. EVs are small particles released by cells that carry proteins, lipids, and genetic material, and play important roles in communication between cells. Participants will consume a single serving of red or white wine, and blood samples will be collected before and after consumption to study changes in the composition and function of EVs. The study will also assess how these EVs affect vascular, immune, and brain-related cells. The results are expected to improve our understanding of how moderate wine intake contributes to cardiovascular and brain health.
Healthy adult men and women aged 35 to 65 years.
Body Mass Index (BMI) between 18.5 and 29.9 kg/m².
Non-smokers or ex-smokers for at least 12 months.
Moderate alcohol consumers, defined as ≤2 units/day for men and ≤1 unit/day for women.
History or clinical evidence of cardiovascular, hepatic, renal, thyroid, gastrointestinal, or metabolic diseases (including diabetes, dyslipidemia, or hypertension).
Use of medications or supplements known to affect glucose, lipid, or inflammatory metabolism (e.g., statins, corticosteroids, anti-inflammatory drugs).
Pregnancy or breastfeeding.
Recent blood donation (within the last 3 months) or planned blood donation during the study period.