Background:
\- In deep brain stimulation (DBS), a device called a neurostimulator is placed in the chest. It is attached to wires in parts of the brain that affect movement. DBS might help people with movement disorders like Parkinson s disease (PD), dystonia, and essential tremor (ET).
Objective:
\- To provide DBS treatment to people with some movement disorders.
Eligibility:
\- Adults 18 years and older with PD, ET, or certain forms of dystonia.
Design:
* Participants will be screened with medical history and physical exam. They will have blood and urine tests and: * MRI brain scan. The participant will lie on a table that slides in and out of a metal cylinder with a magnetic field. They will be in the scanner about 60 minutes. They will get earplugs for the loud noises. During part of the MRI, a needle will guide a thin plastic tube into an arm vein and a dye will be injected. * Electrocardiogram. Metal disks or sticky pads will be placed on the chest, arms, and legs. They record heart activity. * Chest X-ray. * Tests of memory, attention, concentration, thinking, and movement. * Eligible participants will have DBS surgery. The surgery and hospital care afterward are NOT part of this protocol. * Study doctors will see participants 3 4 weeks after surgery to turn on the neurostimulator. * Participants will return every month for 3 months, then every 3 months during the first year, and every 6 months during the second year. Each time, participants will be examined and answer questions. DBS placement will be evaluated with MRI. The neurostimulator will be programmed. At two visits, participants will have tests of movements, thinking, and memory....
Be 18 years of age or older.
Able to comply with study procedures and provide informed consent.
The diagnosis of idiopathic PD will be based on the UK Brain Bank Criteria, and confirmed by the Movement Disorders Neurologists in the NIH Parkinson Clinic.
The diagnosis of primary (generalized or segmental), hemidystonia, or cervical dystonia will be confirmed on clinical examination in the NIH Movement Disorders Clinic.
Clinically significant medical disease that would increase the risk of developing pre- or postoperative complications, including but not limited to uncontrolled systemic hypertension with values above 170/100; unstable heart disease; unstable respiratory disease; uncorrected coagulation abnormalities or need for therapeutic anticoagulation which cannot be interrupted;
History of stroke, exposure to toxins, neuroleptics, or encephalitis
Neurologic signs of upper motor neuron or cerebellar involvement, supranuclear gaze palsy, or multiple systems atrophy.
MR-imaging with evidence indicative of secondary disease such as tumor, or stroke, which could cause the movement disorder.