Develop and test an effective machine learning enabled application-based (app-based) mindfulness intervention for reducing loneliness of Hong Kong Chinese older adults.
Aged 65 or older
Possess a smartphone with an Android or iOS operating system
Communicable in Cantonese
Lonely (cut-off >/=6 on the three-item UCLA Loneliness Scale)
Cognitive impairment, psychiatric disorder, learning disability
Active suicide ideation
Engaged in psychotherapy and psychosocial interventions in the past year
Factorial
Mindfulness - Continue
BehavioralSecond-line of coaching (4 weeks): Continue with existing intervention plan
Mindfulness - Enhance human coaching
BehavioralSecond-line of coaching (4 weeks): Increase intensity of human coaching
Mindfulness - Booster
BehavioralSecond-line of coaching (4 weeks): Add a booster session
Active Control
BehavioralNo rerandomization, no mindfulness, No MRT
13
Treatment groupsSee each treatment group below.
Loneliness
UCLA Loneliness Scale; each item will be rated from 1=Never to 4=Always. Total scores range from 20 to 80
Loneliness
De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale; each item will be rated from 1=Yes to 3=No. Total scores range from 0 to 6, with subscale score ranging from 0 to 3.
Stress
Perceived Stress Scale; each item will be rated from 0=Never to 4=Very often. Total scores range from 0 to 56.
Sleep Quality
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; each item will be rated from 0=No difficulty to 3=Severe difficulty. Total scores range from 0 to 21.
Depression
Patient Health Questionnaire-9; Each item will be rated from 0=Not at all to 3=nearly everyday. Total scores range from 0 to 27
Mindfulness
Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale; each item will be rated from 1=Almost always to 6=Almost never. Average score will be calculated.
Perceived Social Support
Each item is rated on a 7-point Likert scale ranging from 1=Strongly disagree to 7=Strongly agree. Total scores range from 12 to 84, with subscale score ranging from 4 to 28. A higher score indicates higher levels of perceived support.
Social Isolation
Lubben Social Network Scale; Each item is rated on a 6-point Likert scale ranging from 0=None to 5=9 or more. Total scores range from 0 to 30, with a higher score indicating greater social engagement and lower risk of social isolation.
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Education University of Hong Kong
Lead sponsor
University of Texas at Austin
Collaborator
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