The goal of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and implementation of a dyadic management of the Chronic Disease Self-Management Program (CDSMP) for older adults with co-occurring cognitive impairment and diabetes with the involvement of caregivers.
The main questions it aims to answer are:
* Does the intervention improve diabetes self-management and cognitive function in older adults? * How is the implementation of the intervention in real-world settings?
Participants will:
* Attend weekly CDSMP session over a 6-week period (2.5-hour per session). * Provide feedback on their experience with the intervention through interviews and surveys.
Individuals with DM aged >= 55 years old;
Recent glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level of 6.5% or above without change in diabetes medication within the last 3 months based on centre's records;
Subjective cognitive decline (using SCDQ21) (separately reported by the patient and/or caregiver) and confirmed by MOCA (Chinese version) screened by the research nurses;
Subjects with nominated primary caregivers will be recruited in the intervention group;
Medical diagnoses of dementia;
Those who have terminal illness;
For caregivers: those who are temporary caregivers and have only provided/involved in care for less than a year.