The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of preoperative administration of intravenous or nebulized tranexamic acid on surgical field, blood loss, anesthetic consumption and hemodynamics of patients undergoing FESS.
Primary outcome Modena Bleeding Score (MBS) assessing surgical field Secondary outcome
1. Patient hemodynamics. 2. Anesthetic consumption, Extra doses of fentanyl and propofol and sevoflurane\>2 3. Postoperative complications: including any adverse effects to TXA e.g.nausea, vomiting, any visual disturbances, fits, and any thrombotic manifestation.
Either sex
age 18-65 years
ASA I-II who are listed for elective functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) under general anesthesia
normal accepted coagulation profile and hematocrit value ≥30
• chronic renal failure
liver cirrhosis
bleeding disorders
current anticoagulant therapy