About this trial
To explore how estrogen deficiency impacts the blood pressure (BP) and sympathetic nerve activity (SNA), and how it impacts the production of the key pro-inflammatory mediators such as Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). It is hypothesized that estrogen deficiency increases BP, SNA and the pathway activities of the key pro-inflammatory mediators. Those effects are impacted through the downregulation of the estrogen receptor.
Eligibility criteria
Qualifiers
Age 54-75 years
Healthy participants who are capable of giving informed consent
Classified as postmenopausal or stop having period >1year or had a full hysterectomy surgery
Any race or ethnicity
Disqualifiers
<54 or >75 years
Medications that could alter cardiovascular, thermoregulatory, or peripheral vascular control (e.g. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, statins, beta blockers, etc.);
Self-reported history of long-term menstrual irregularities, vaginal bleeding, or other gynecological conditions that could influence study outcomes
Use of hormone therapy during 6 months prior to study enrollment
Trial design
Treatments tested in this trial
- Placebo
- Estradiol