The goal of this study is to learn whether eating a small serving of almonds before meals can improve blood sugar control in adults who have early signs of problems with blood sugar regulation. The main questions it aims to answer are:
1. Does eating almonds before a meal reduce the rise in blood sugar after eating? 2. Do some people consistently benefit more than others from eating almonds before meals?
Adults aged 25-50 years
Females over 40 years must have had a cycle in the last 6 months
Body mass index (BMI) at least 18.5 and at most 55.0 kg/m2
Fasting blood glucose at least 100 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L) and less than 125 mg/dL (6.9 mmol/L)
Weight change ≥5% in past 6 months, actively trying to lose weight, or unwilling to remain weight stable throughout the study based on self-report
Recent history within past 12 months of medical provider-diagnosed cardiovascular, renal, or liver disease that required treatment
Current or past diagnosis of cancer (except skin cancer) in the last 5 years
Current or past diagnosis of type 1 or type 2 diabetes
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Treatment groupsSee each treatment group below.