The aim of this "in vivo" controlled trial is to assess soft tissue cell adhesion to titanium abutments subjected to different cleaning procedures - no treatment (as they come from the industry), and cleaning by plasma- at an early healing time.
In fact, the primary aim is Quantity and Quality of soft tissue adhesion at the microscopic level (e.g Fibronectin, Integrin-actin).
The secondary Aim - Clinical parameters and outcomes - BOP, PPD, MBL (Marginal Bone Level to check influence of plasmapp-treated abutments).
The null hypothesis of the study was that the cleaning procedure applied to implant abutments has no effect on soft tissue cell adhesion and MBL at an early healing time.
presence of at least 4 mm of keratinized mucosa around the implants,
patients aged 18 years or older
medically healthy patients (ASA I), or patients with mild systemic disease (ASA II)
Total or partial edentulous state with space for at least 2 implants
ASA physical status 3
severe smokers (> 10 cig/day)
patients undergoing bisphosphonate therapy
pregnant or lactating women