Effect of Mycobacterial Infection on Immune Status

This study, titled "Effect of Mycobacterial Infection on Immune Status" (EMIIS), investigates the immune-driven mechanisms of mycobacterial infections, focusing on the dynamic immune characteristics of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections, and tuberculous pleurisy. Mycobacterial infections (including the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and nontuberculous mycobacteria) remain a major global public health threat. EMIIS is a single-center, randomized, single-blind,prospective study. The study recruited 120 participants, divided into groups of healthy individuals/community-acquired pneumonia patients, active pulmonary tuberculosis patients, latent tuberculosis infection patients, tuberculous pleurisy patients, and nontuberculous mycobacteria patients. Blood samples were collected from all groups within 3 days before treatment and 2-3 months after treatment. Pleural effusion samples were additionally collected from the tuberculous pleurisy group within 3 days before treatment and 2 months after treatment. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) was collected from the nontuberculous mycobacteria group. Utilizing mass cytometry (CyTOF) and multi-dimensional indicators, the study aims to elucidate the immune-driven mechanisms of mycobacterial infections and provide new strategies for individualized treatment.