Effect of Pursed-Lip Breathing With Different I:E Ratios on Respiratory Outcomes in COPD Patients
Trial statusNot yet recruiting
Trial phaseNot applicable
Trial typeInterventional
Biological sexAll
Age40+
SponsorScholastica Fina Aryu Puspasari
About this trial
The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate whether different inspiratory-expiratory (I:E) ratios in the pursed-lip breathing (PLB) technique can improve respiratory outcomes in patients with stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) aged 40 years and older. The primary purpose is to determine whether a specific breathing intervention can improve respiratory function.
The main questions it aims to answer are:
Does PLB with different I:E ratios (1:3, 1:4, and 1:5) reduce respiratory rate in COPD patients? Does PLB with different I:E ratios improve oxygen saturation and reduce dyspnea severity?
Researchers will compare PLB with I:E ratios of 1:3, 1:4, and 1:5 and a control group receiving standard care to see if different ratios produce different effects on respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and dyspnea levels.
Participants will:
Perform pursed-lip breathing using assigned I:E ratios (1:3, 1:4, or 1:5) for 10 minutes Be assigned to either an intervention group or a control group (standard care) Have their respiratory rate measured before and after the intervention Have their oxygen saturation measured using a pulse oximeter Report their dyspnea level using the Modified Borg Scale before and after the intervention
Eligibility criteria
This trial does not accept healthy volunteersQualifiers
Diagnosed with stable COPD
Age ≥ 40 years
Able to follow breathing instructions
Willing to participate and provide informed consent
Disqualifiers
Cognitive impairment or decreased consciousness
Severe cardiovascular disease (heart failure, coronary artery disease, pulmonary hypertension)
Asthma-COPD overlap (ACO)
Acute respiratory infection (e.g., pneumonia)
Trial design
Design model
Parallel
Treatments tested in this trial
Participants perform PLB with inspiratory-expiratory ratio 1:3 (2 seconds inspiration, 6 seconds expiration)
Other interventionParticipants will be allocated into four study arms: three intervention groups and one control group. Intervention Groups (PLB with Different I:E Ratios): Participants in the intervention arms will perform Pursed-Lip Breathing (PLB) with specific inspiratory-to-expiratory (I:E) ratios as follows: Group 1: I:E ratio 1:3 (2 seconds inspiration, 6 seconds expiration) The procedure will be conducted in a seated position (high Fowler's position). Participants will be instructed to inhale slowly through the nose and exhale through pursed lips according to the assigned ratio. A metronome will be used to standardize breathing timing. Each session will last approximately 10 minutes and will be supervised by the researcher to ensure correct technique and safety. stru
Participants perform PLB with inspiratory-expiratory ratio 1:4 (2 seconds inspiration, 8 seconds expiration)
Other interventionParticipants will be allocated into four study arms: three intervention groups and one control group. Intervention Groups (PLB with Different I:E Ratios): Participants in the intervention arms will perform Pursed-Lip Breathing (PLB) with specific inspiratory-to-expiratory (I:E) ratios as follows: Group 2: I:E ratio 1:4 (2 seconds inspiration, 8 seconds expiration) The procedure will be conducted in a seated position (high Fowler's position). Participants will be instructed to inhale slowly through the nose and exhale through pursed lips according to the assigned ratio. A metronome will be used to standardize breathing timing. Each session will last approximately 10 minutes and will be supervised by the researcher to ensure correct technique and safety.
Participants perform PLB with inspiratory-expiratory ratio 1:5 (2 seconds inspiration, 10 seconds expiration)
Other interventionParticipants will be allocated into four study arms: three intervention groups and one control group. Intervention Groups (PLB with Different I:E Ratios): Participants in the intervention arms will perform Pursed-Lip Breathing (PLB) with specific inspiratory-to-expiratory (I:E) ratios as follows: Group 3: I:E ratio 1:5 (2 seconds inspiration, 10 seconds expiration) The procedure will be conducted in a seated position (high Fowler's position). Participants will be instructed to inhale slowly through the nose and exhale through pursed lips according to the assigned ratio. A metronome will be used to standardize breathing timing. Each session will last approximately 10 minutes and will be supervised by the researcher to ensure correct technique and safety.
Treatment groups
122 Participants
are divided into 4 treatment groupsGroup A: Arm Group 1, PLB I:E 1:3Experimental treatment 1 intervention
Group B: Arm Group 2, PLB I:E 1:4Experimental treatment 1 intervention
Group C: Arm Group 3, PLB I:E 1:5Experimental treatment 1 intervention
Group D: Arm Group 4, Standard TherapyNo intervention 0 interventions
Trial outcomes
Primary outcomes
1
Primary Outcome 1: Respiratory Rate
Respiratory rate measured as the number of breaths per minute at rest using direct observation for 60 seconds
Time frame
Baseline and immediately after 10-minute intervention2
Primary Outcome 2: Oxygen Saturation (SpO₂)
Peripheral oxygen saturation measured using a calibrated pulse oximeter at rest.
Time frame
Baseline and immediately after 10-minute intervention3
Primary Outcome 3 Dyspnea Level
Dyspnea assessed using the Modified Borg Scale (0-10), where higher scores indicate more severe breathlessness.
Time frame
Baseline and immediately after 10-minute interventionLocations
Sponsors and contacts
Click on the lead sponsor to view all of their trials.
Scholastica Fina Aryu Puspasari
Lead sponsor
STIKes Panti Rapih Yogyakarta
Sponsor institution
STIKes Panti Rapih Yogyakarta
Collaborator
Source ClinicalTrials.gov
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