Evaluate the effect of TECAR therapy combined with traditional physiotherapy on pain, balance, and quality of life in elderly men with knee osteoarthritis .
Clinical and radiographic diagnosis of mild and moderate bilateral or unilateral knee osteoarthritis meeting the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria.
Presence of chronic knee pain lasting for more than 6 months.
Ability to ambulate independently with or without an assistive device.
Severe knee osteoarthritis (grade IV) requiring imminent surgical joint replacement.
History of previous knee arthroplasty, internal fixation, or significant trauma to the affected lower extremity.
Presence of pacemakers, metallic implants in the knee region, or severe. - peripheral vascular disease (absolute contraindications for TECAR therapy).
Intra-articular injections (corticosteroids, platelet-rich plasma, or hyaluronic acid) into the knee within the past 3 months.