The goal of the study is to investigate the effectiveness of brief writing interventions on state optimism, state gratitude and psychological distress among female university students. There are three groups; gratitude writing group where participants are required to write about the things they are grateful for, expressive writing group where participants are required to write about their deepest feelings and thoughts from last week and a control group where participants just write about the tasks they completed in the past week.
Female undergraduate students
Students scoring mild to moderate distress on Kessler Psychological Distress scale
Female university students enrolled in psychology programs
Students with physical disability
Students who are already in therapy
Parallel
Gratitude Writing Intervention
Other interventionParticipants write the things they are grateful and thankful in their life for. It could be anything they want to write about for a period of 10 mins. They can write it in the language of their own choice and in what ever format they prefer.
Expressive Writing
Other interventionParticipants write about their deepest feelings and thoughts from the past week. They are given 10 mins to write. They can write in language of their own choice and in any format they prefer.
Neutral writing
Other interventionParticipants are asked to write about the tasks they have completed in the past week in 10 mins. They can write in the language of their choice and in any format they prefer
State Optimism measured by State Optimism Measure
Change in state optimism assessed using the State Optimism Measure. Higher scores indicate greater levels of state optimism.
State gratitude measured by the Gratitude Adjective Checklist
Change in state gratitude assessed using the Gratitude Adjective Checklist. Higher scores indicate greater levels of state gratitude.
Psychological distress measured by the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10)
Change in psychological distress assessed using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10). Total scores range from 10 to 50, with higher scores indicating greater psychological distress.
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