Spinal cord injury (SCI)-related paraplegia is a complex neurological condition characterized by motor impairment, increased spasticity, and significant functional limitations in daily activities. Spasticity is one of the most common secondary complications after upper motor neuron lesions and can negatively affect rehabilitation outcomes, gait ability, and functional independence.
This randomized controlled study aims to investigate the effects of Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) applied to the quadriceps muscle in individuals with paraplegia. Participants will be randomly assigned to either a control group receiving conventional neurorehabilitation or an intervention group receiving additional FES treatment.
The primary outcomes include changes in spasticity level, quadriceps muscle strength, and functional mobility. Spasticity will be assessed using the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), muscle strength will be evaluated with Manual Muscle Testing (MMT), and functional mobility will be measured using the Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM), Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), and 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT).
The intervention period will last 8 weeks, with standardized rehabilitation programs applied to both groups. The FES group will additionally receive quadriceps stimulation with specific neuromuscular electrical stimulation parameters.
The findings of this study are expected to provide evidence regarding the effectiveness of FES as an adjunct to conventional rehabilitation in improving motor function and functional independence in individuals with paraplegia.
Aged between 18 and 65 years
Diagnosed with spinal cord injury resulting in paraplegia (traumatic or non-traumatic etiology)
Classified as ASIA Impairment Scale C or D
Medically stable condition
Presence of cardiac pacemaker or implanted electrical device
Severe cognitive impairment or communication difficulties preventing participation
Active infection or systemic inflammatory condition
Severe lower extremity contractures or deformities limiting movement