This randomized controlled trial will examine the effects of mindfulness-based interventions and brain stimulation interventions on cognitive function and psychological well-being in older adults. The study will employ a comprehensive assessment approach incorporating psychological evaluations, behavioral assessments, psychophysiological measurements, and neuroimaging analyses to characterize the outcome of nonpharmaceutical interventions in improving geriatric well-being or reducing depression severity.
Literate or have received an education above the elementary level.
Have normal or corrected vision and hearing, able to communicate and understand explanations.
Right-handed individuals as assessed by the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory.
Individuals with dementia, stroke, cerebrovascular disease, brain injury, epilepsy, or Parkinson's disease.
Individuals with neurological system disorders.
Individuals with alcohol or drug dependence.
Individuals with other major physical illnesses, such as diabetes, heart failure, or endocrine abnormalities, or those who have experienced an acute myocardial infarction within the past three months.