Common gallbladder conditions like gallstones, polyps, and gallbladder inflammation are typically treated by surgically removing the gallbladder. However, surgery may be too risky for elderly patients or those with severe medical conditions, and some patients strongly prefer to keep their gallbladder.
Newer, less-invasive endoscopic treatments can drain the gallbladder to treat inflammation without surgery. However, after successful drainage, doctors currently do not know whether it is better to leave a stent inside for long-term drainage or to actively remove the gallbladder stones using an endoscope.
This multicenter study will follow patients in a real-world setting to compare these two approaches: the endoscopic treatment group (stone removal after drainage) and the non-endoscopic treatment group (long-term drainage alone). The goal is to evaluate which method is safer and more effective over the long term, helping doctors make better clinical decisions and improve patients' quality of life.
Age ≥ 18 years, and voluntarily signed the informed consent form;
High-risk surgical patients: ASA classification ≥ III, or presence of severe comorbidities that significantly increase the risk of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC);
Patients with concomitant common bile duct stones (CBDS) and a strong desire for gallbladder preservation: presence of CBDS confirmed by MRCP/ERCP examination, and still strongly requesting the preservation of gallbladder function after being fully informed.
Suspected or confirmed gallbladder malignancy;
Complications requiring emergency surgical intervention (gangrene, perforation, diffuse peritonitis);
Uncorrectable severe coagulation dysfunction;
Presence of severe anatomical deformity or obstruction of the stomach, duodenum, or esophagus, where the endoscope is expected to be unable to reach the target site (papilla or pericholecystic area);