About this trial
Treatment of congestion is one of the main goals in patients hospitalized for acute heart failure. Nevertheless, current evidence shows that decongestion is often not achieved and that residual congestion at discharge is strongly associated with poor outcomes. While this association has been demonstrated, previous studies have primarily focused on single parameters of congestion (physical examination, biomarkers, or imaging features). The aim of the study is to assess residual congestion at discharge using a multiparametric approach and to compare the prognostic value of each evaluation strategy. Additionally, the analysis will be supported by artificial intelligence to develop a multiparametric prognostic algorithm that can provide an improved predictive model compared to standard statistical approaches.
Eligibility criteria
Qualifiers
Age ≥ 18 years.
Symptoms classified as New York Heart Association class III or IV.
Clinical or instrumental signs of volume overload (e.g., dyspnea with evidence of pulmonary congestion on X-rays or lung ultrasound, pitting edema, and jugular venous distension).
Elevated NT-proBNP levels within the first 24 hours of admission (cutoff values: 450 ng/L for patients < 50 years; >900 ng/L for patients aged 50-75 years; >1800 ng/L for patients >75 years).
Disqualifiers
Known diagnosis of septicemia.
Glomerular filtration rate < 15 ml/min.
Life expectancy < 6 months.
Active myocarditis.
Trial design
Treatments tested in this trial
- Evaluation of residual congestion at discharge