The goal of this observational study is to identify and evaluate the characteristics of Traditional Medicine (TM) syndromes in men aged 18 to 60 with male infertility and oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT) syndrome. The main questions it aims to answer are:
* What are the common Traditional Medicine syndromes and symptoms associated with male infertility based on Traditional Medicine literature? * What are the specific Traditional Medicine syndromes and symptoms found in men with OAT syndrome at Binh Dan Hospital when analyzed using Latent Tree Models?
The research will be conducted in two phases:
* Phase 1 (Literature Review): Researchers will collect and analyze Traditional Medicine texts to list the symptoms and syndromes related to male infertility. This phase will help create a standardized clinical survey. * Phase 2 (Clinical Survey): Researchers will recruit 300 male participants with OAT syndrome.
* Participants will answer a survey questionnaire about their Traditional Medicine symptoms. * Researchers will apply Latent Tree Models (a mathematical approach) to the collected data to objectively classify the TM syndromes.
Male patients aged between 18 and 60 years.
Diagnosed with male infertility by an andrology specialist according to World Health Organization (WHO) standards.
Semen analysis results meet the diagnostic criteria for Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT) syndrome.
Voluntary agreement to participate in the research and signed Informed Consent Form.
Infertility caused by genetic or chromosomal abnormalities, including but not limited to: Klinefelter syndrome, Sandberg mosaic syndrome (46 XY/47 XXY), or XYY syndrome.
Presence of structural abnormalities of the reproductive organs.
Patients with Azoospermia (absence of sperm in the ejaculate) as defined by WHO 2021 standards.
Use of medications affecting spermatogenesis within the last 3 months, including: cannabinoids, hydantoins, valproate, anabolic steroids, cimetidine, colchicine, spironolactone, nitrofurantoin, sulfasalazine, or calcium channel blockers.