With the aging of the population, the number of older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has increased year by year, which has caused serious social and family burdens. At present, the existing drug treatment effect is limited. Studies show the application value of non-drug treatment in the older adults with mild cognitive impairment. Psychomotor Therapy (PMT) is now widely used in European countries and has formed an independent scientific system. Therefore, this topic pays attention to older adults with mild cognitive impairment, intending to promote cognitive stimulation, using PMT methods to build a rehabilitation nursing plan. Relying on older adults care institutions, older adults with mild cognitive impairment in a certain period were divided into a control group (CG) and an experimental group (EG). Older adults will be engaged in a 12-week PMT rehabilitation nursing plan involving relaxation and breathing exercises, face exercises, hand exercises, and mind exercises to promote cognitive health. SPSS 28.0 software was used to analyze data. The comparison of scores of various scales are based on paired t-test statistical methods. The P value \<0.05 will be considered to indicate statistically significant with 95% confidence interval (CI). The rehabilitation effect of the two groups was evaluated according to cognitive assessments (Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA), psychological assessment (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, PANSS), and emotional assessment (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, HAMD-17; Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, HAMA-14) . The expected findings of this study may be useful for cognitive rehabilitation plans for the elderly in care institutions, rehabilitation hospitals, communities, and families.
Older adults are aged 50 years and above.
Subjective cognitive complaints from the individual or caregiver.
Screening for MCI using the Mini-Cog scores between 0-2 ( SN Abayomi, 2024).
Basic language communication, listening, speaking, and understanding skills.
Diagnosed with severe psychiatric conditions (e.g., schizophrenia, major depressive disorder).
It is at the end stage of important functional organ diseases, such as malignant tumors, cardiac failure, etc.
Limb dysfunction.
Diagnosed with dementia.
Parallel
A PMT rehabilitation nursing plan
BehavioralOlder adults will be engaged in a 12-week PMT rehabilitation nursing plan involving 2 phases of relaxation and breathing exercises, face exercises, hand exercises and mind exercises to promote cognitive health. Phase 1 (Weeks 1-6): Includes relaxation and breathing exercises (10 minutes), facial exercises (10 minutes), bead maze activities (10 minutes), geometric shape puzzles (10 minutes), and finger exercises (20 minutes). Phase 2 (Weeks 7-12): Includes relaxation and breathing exercises (10 minutes), Tai Chi ball exercises (10 minutes), screw and nut assembly activities (10 minutes), tangram puzzles (10 minutes), and upper limb music exercises (20 minutes). The experimental group will be given interventions, twice a week every Tuesday and Thursday 9-10 am along with the study intervention.
General rehabilitation nursing
BehavioralThe control group will be given a standard health education on cognitive health.
Cognitive assessment
The cognitive status of older adults will be assessed by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale. Developed by Nasreddine et al. in Canada with reference to the MMSE, the MoCA evaluates multiple cognitive domains, including attention, executive function, memory, language, visuospatial skills, abstract thinking, calculation, and orientation, making it suitable for a comprehensive assessment of various types of cognitive impairment. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale has a minimum score of 0 and a maximum score of 30, with higher scores indicating better cognitive function (e.g., scores near 30 reflect normal cognition), while lower scores suggest greater cognitive impairment. In Western countries, a cutoff score of 26 is commonly used to identify MCI.The results below 26 typically warrant clinical concern, though individuals with ≤12 years of education often receive a +1 point adjustment to their total score.
Psychological assessment
The psychological of older adults will be assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), including the positive scale (7 items, 7\~49 points), the general psychopathology scale (16 items, 16\~112 points), and the negative scale (7 items, 7\~49 points). The higher the score is, the worse the rehabilitation. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) has a minimum score of 30 (indicating absence of all measured symptoms) and a maximum score of 210 (representing severe pathology across all items). Higher PANSS scores indicate worse clinical outcomes, reflecting greater severity of psychotic symptoms-where elevated scores correlate with more pronounced positive symptoms (e.g., delusions/hallucinations), negative symptoms (e.g., social withdrawal), and general psychopathology (e.g., anxiety/impulsivity). Scores above 60 typically suggest clinically significant psychosis, with severe impairment often indicated by scores exceeding 120.
Emotional assessment
The emotional assessment will be assessed by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17), which is among the most widely used scales for evaluating emotional status. HAMD-17 covers despair, somatization symptoms, sleep disorders, and anxiety. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17) has a minimum score of 0 (indicating no depressive symptoms) and a theoretical maximum score of 52 (though practical maxima rarely exceed 50 due to scoring constraints), with higher scores representing worse clinical outcomes-specifically greater severity of depression symptoms such as low mood, guilt, insomnia, psychomotor retardation, and suicidal ideation, where scores ≥8 suggest mild depression, ≥17 indicate moderate depression, and ≥23 reflect severe depression. The 2025 Expert Consensus on Neuropsychological Assessment of Mild Cognitive Impairment recommends the use of these scales, as they effectively identify and quantify depressive and anxiety symptoms in patients with MCI.
Emotional assessment
The emotional assessment will be assessed by the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA-14), which are among the most widely used scales for evaluating emotional status. The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA-14) ranges from a minimum score of 0 (indicating no anxiety symptoms) to a maximum score of 56 (reflecting the most severe anxiety across all items), with higher scores signifying worse clinical outcomes-specifically greater severity of anxiety-related symptoms such as tension, fears, insomnia, and autonomic hyperactivity, where scores ≥14 typically indicate clinically significant anxiety warranting intervention, and scores \>25 suggest severe impairment. The 2025 Expert Consensus on Neuropsychological Assessment of Mild Cognitive Impairment recommends the use of these scales, as they effectively identify and quantify depressive and anxiety symptoms in patients with MCI.
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Jinzhou Medical University
Lead sponsor
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Collaborator
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