The study aims to evaluation the effects of Liposomal Bupivacaine on diaphragmatic function in patients undergoing upper limb surgery who receive Interscalene Brachial Plexus Block. A total of 120 eligible patients will be enrolled and divided into two groups: Group A will receive 20ml of 0.5% Hydrochloride Bupivacaine , while Group B will receive 10ml of 0.5% Hydrochloride Bupivacaine plus 10ml of Liposomal Bupivacaine. Assessments of diaphragmatic function, pulmonary function, and pain intensity will be performed before the block and at different time points after the block, with follow-up for adverse events. The study is scheduled to run from September 2025 to September 2026, with strict adherence to privacy protection and ethical guidelines.
Patients undergoing upper limb surgery scheduled for interscalene brachial plexus block
Aged ≥ 18 years
American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I-III
Known allergy or intolerance to amide local anesthetics
Nerve injury in the upper limb on the surgical side
Coagulopathy
Used opioid medications continuously for more than 3 weeks before surgery