The purpose of this study is to define the temporal patterns of urinary biomarkers (CysC, EGF, KIM-1, NGAL, β2-Microglobulin, OPN, and MOD) in the first two weeks of life in preterm and/or very low birth weight (VLBW) infants in relation to the effect of specific factors (hsPDA, prenatal Doppler alterations) and drug therapies. Another objective is then to evaluate the predictivity of these biomarkers with respect to the occurrence of renal damage in preterm infants and possible cut-off values
Gestational age <32 weeks or birth weight <1500 g;
Admission at birth to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the IRCCS A.O.U. of Bologna Policlinico di S. Orsola;
Obtaining informed consent from parents/legal representatives.
malformations of the urinary system;
major congenital anomalies, including congenital heart disease;
syndromic picture or known genetic abnormalities;
perinatal asphyxia (defined by the finding on arterial blood gas from cord blood of pH≤7.0 or base excess ≤-12 mMol/L and/or Apgar ≤5 or need for resuscitation at 10' of life);