Evolution of the Clinical, Immuno-virological and Aging Trajectory of Patients Living With HIV

Main objective is:

* To characterize the evolution of the immuno-virological profile of circulating blood cells and immune aging in patients who had participated to TEMPO-1 in 2007-2008 * To evaluate the role of immune aging and inflammatory profile in the occurrence of comorbidities in HIV-infected individuals over a 15-year period

The alterations that affect the innate and adaptive immune cell compartments in HIV-infected patients are reminiscent of the process of immune aging, characteristic of old age. These alterations, the presumed cause of which is the chronic systemic immune activation established in patients, contribute to the depletion of lymphoid resources which probably leads to the decline of immune competence with the progression of HIV disease.

The comparison between HIV-1-infected patients and uninfected older adults goes beyond the mere appearance of immunosenescence and extends to the deterioration of a number of physiological functions linked to inflammation and to systemic aging.

By inducing persistent and lasting immune activation, HIV-1 infection is now considered a model of accelerated immunosenescence and systemic aging. During this process, the immune system quickly becomes exhausted, because the source of its exhaustion (i.e. HIV) cannot be eliminated.

To determine which factors may contribute to immunosenescence in HIV-1 infection, we propose an extensive immune and virological evaluation in patients who participated in a cross-sectional assessment of immune functions and TEMPO-1 viral reservoirs after 15 years of evolution in order to determine their immune and viral trajectories, to compare these trajectories with the major clinical events and the comorbidities occurring in them.