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Expression of Genes Relating Hypertension and Efficacy of 4-7-8 Breathing Control on Reducing Blood Pressure

ConditionsGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseBreathing, Mouth
Trial statusRecruiting
Trial phaseNot applicable
Trial typeInterventional
Biological sexAll
Age18-59
SponsorBurapha University

About this trial

This study consists of two sub-studies. Study 1 investigates gene expression related to the development of hypertension in Thailand, and Study 2 examines the effectiveness of the 4-7-8 breathing technique in reducing blood pressure in individuals with hypertension.

Eligibility criteria

This trial accepts healthy volunteers

Qualifiers

Group of individuals with hypertension

Male or female

Aged between 18-59 years

Of Thai ethnicity

Disqualifiers

Has heart disease, such as valvular stenosis or regurgitation, coronary artery disease, or heart failure

Has obesity, defined as having a body mass index (BMI) of 30 kg/m² or higher

Has a fever or is currently experiencing an infectious disease, such as COVID-19, the flu, or other infections

Group of individuals with normal blood pressure

Trial design

Design model

Parallel

Treatments tested in this trial

  • Study 2: deep breathing

    Other intervention

    Participants in the deep breathing group will be randomized to receive a diaphragmatic deep breathing program. They will be instructed to practice deep breathing at a rate of 6-10 breaths per minute for 15 minutes, twice daily, every day for a duration of 3 months.

  • Study 2: 4-7-8 breathing

    Other intervention

    Participants in the 4-7-8 breathing group will be randomized to receive a 4-7-8 breathing program. They will follow the 4-7-8 breathing training program, which involves inhaling for 4 seconds, holding the breath for 7 seconds, and exhaling for 8 seconds, counted as one cycle. This pattern is to be repeated for 6 cycles to complete one set. They will perform 12 sets per day-6 sets in the morning and 6 sets in the evening-with normal breathing between each set. This routine will be carried out daily for a duration of 3 months.

  • Study 2: slow breathing with device

    Other intervention

    Participants in the slow breathing with device group will be randomized to receive a slow breathing with device. They will undergo deep breathing training using a resistance-based breathing device called BreathMax, set at 25% of their maximal inspiratory pressure. The breathing rate will be 6 breaths per minute, continuously for 15 minutes, twice a day. This routine will be performed daily for a duration of 3 months.

Treatment groups

200 Participants
are divided into 4 treatment groups
Group A: Study 2: control groupNo intervention 0 interventions
Group B: Study 2: deep breathingActive comparator 1 intervention
Group C: Study 2: 4-7-8 breathingExperimental treatment 1 intervention
Group D: Study 2: slow breathing with deviceActive comparator 1 intervention

Trial outcomes

Primary outcomes

1

Study 1: expression of adrenomedullin (ADM)

Expression of gene adrenomedullin (ADM) in fold unit

Time frame
Day 1
2

Study 1: expression of angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4)

Expression of gene angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) in fold unit

Time frame
Day 1
3

Study 1: expression of proto-oncogene c-Fos (FOS)

Expression of gene proto-oncogene c-Fos (FOS) in fold unit

Time frame
Day 1
4

Study 1: expression of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2)

Expression of gene prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) in fold unit

Time frame
Day 1

Secondary outcomes

Other outcomes

Locations

1

Map coordinates are unavailable for these locations. Locations are shown below instead.

Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha UniversityRecruiting20131, MueangChonburi, Changwat Chon BuriThailandThailand

Sponsors and contacts

Click on the lead sponsor to view all of their trials.

Burapha University

Lead sponsor

Source ClinicalTrials.gov
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