Hypotheses:
We hypothesize that variations in hormonal profiles (LH, estradiol, progesterone) during ovarian stimulation, follicular response, endometrial characteristics, and sperm quality parameters are significantly associated with clinical pregnancy outcomes in intrauterine insemination (IUI) cycles.
Aims
* To investigate the association between hormonal profiles on the trigger day (LH, estradiol, progesterone), follicular response, endometrial thickness, and sperm parameters with clinical pregnancy outcomes in IUI cycles. * To develop and validate a predictive model for clinical pregnancy incorporating key determinants such as female age, hormonal response, endometrial characteristics, and sperm quality. * To compare natural and gonadotropin-stimulated IUI cycles in terms of hormonal profiles, pregnancy outcomes, and cost-effectiveness.
Primary Outcome Clinical pregnancy rate (CPR), defined as the presence of a gestational sac with a fetal heartbeat on ultrasound at approximately 6 weeks of gestation following intrauterine insemination.
Secondary Outcomes
* Biochemical pregnancy rate. * Ongoing pregnancy rate * Live birth rate
Couples who underwent at least one IUI-intrauterine insemination cycle.
Couples who used donor sperm.
Cases with missing core outcome data