This multicenter study aims to understand the specific risk factors for falls in Spanish people with intellectual disabilities in order to design an instrument to assess the risk of future falls in this population.
To this end, a prospective cohort study will be conducted in a sample of people with intellectual disabilities who meet predefined inclusion criteria from the Fundación Hospitalarias España centers that care for people with intellectual disabilities.
Participants' medical records will be reviewed for sociodemographic variables and associated comorbidities, and gait and balance will be assessed to identify potential risk factors. The number of falls experienced by participants will be monitored for 12 months.
After the observation period, a statistical analysis will be performed to identify the main risk factors in the sample. These factors will be used to model a mathematical equation predicting the number of future falls.
Diagnosis of intellectual disability (all degrees of severity: mild, moderate, severe, and profound).
18 years of age or older.
The participant must be able to stand and walk independently or with technical/personal aids.
Sign the informed consent form to participate.
If the participant has poorly controlled epilepsy with seizures or absences that cause falls.
Wheelchair use.
Other musculoskeletal, neurological, or trauma conditions that contraindicate participation in the study.