Fertility and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age and affects approximately 10% of women worldwide. The diagnosis is based on the Rotterdam criteria established in 2003 and updated in the latest recommendations from the European Society of Human Reproduction (ESHRE) in 2023. The diagnosis of PCOS is based on the presence of 2 of the following 3 criteria:

1. Oligo-anovulation 2. Clinical and/or biological hyperandrogenism 3. Polycystic ovary morphology (PCOM) on imaging It is also the leading cause of anovulatory infertility, with a 15-fold increased risk of infertility.

It is therefore a major cause of anovulatory infertility, but its pathophysiological mechanisms remain complex and multifactorial, involving interactions between genetic, metabolic, hormonal, and environmental factors. Prior to embarking on a fertility treatment plan, it is essential to better understand how these various factors influence ovarian function and reproductive capacity in patients with PCOS. Identifying and characterizing factors associated with fertility-such as hormonal profiles, insulin sensitivity, and metabolic markers-could help better predict future fertility and optimize personalized care and fertility outcomes. The aim of this study is therefore to identify modifiable factors influencing the fertility of PCOS patients phenotyped at La Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital.