With the risen popularity of low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) for lung cancer screening, many patients present with peripheral pulmonary ground-glass nodules (GGNs) with a suspicious solid part. The appropriate diagnostic and management strategy for those lesions can be questionable. If malignancy is suspected, a surgical biopsy with the guidance of various localization methods available is recommended.
Each localization method has its advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, it may not be possible to establish a gold standard for localizing indeterminate lung nodules since comparative clinical trials are lacking.
all patients over the age of 18;
lung GGNs with the presence of a solid part inside > = 6 mm or with a solid part even less than 6 mm but with an increase in size;
subjects evaluated for surgical treatment during multidisciplinary tumor board.
Patients not eligible for surgery