This cross-sectional observational study aims to quantitatively compare three-dimensional gait parameters, surface electromyography (EMG) patterns, and radiological parameters among patients with different degenerative spinal conditions-including lumbar disc herniation (LDH), lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS), lumbar sagittal imbalance (LSI), degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS), and cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM)-alongside a healthy control group. The analysis focuses on spatiotemporal gait characteristics (step length, stride length, cadence), lower limb kinematics and kinetics (hip/knee/ankle joint angles, moments, and powers during stance and swing phases), and surface EMG amplitudes (thoracic erector spinae, multifidus, gluteus maximus, and rectus abdominis muscles) during standardized walking tasks. Additionally, radiological parameters (e.g., pelvic incidence-lumbar lordosis mismatch, C2-C7 sagittal vertical axis, coronal Cobb angle) will be correlated with gait and muscle activation deviations. The study employs motion capture systems, force plates, and high-density EMG to objectively differentiate disease-specific movement impairments. Findings from this study may establish biomechanical and neuromuscular signatures for each degenerative condition, providing a framework for personalized rehabilitation strategies, gait retraining, and surgical outcome assessment in spinal disorders. Comparative analysis with healthy controls will further elucidate pathological alterations in gait and muscle recruitment patterns caused by degenerative spinal diseases.
Patients with the following single disease: degenerative scoliosis, coronal imbalance, lumbar spinal stenosis, lumbar disc herniation, spinal cord-type cervical spondylosis;
Age ≥ 60 years, regardless of gender;
Planned to undergo elective open spinal fusion surgery;
Voluntarily participate in the study, understand and agree to the study content, and sign the informed consent form.
History of previous spinal surgery;
Combined with other neuromuscular diseases (such as Parkinson's disease), inflammatory diseases (such as ankylosing spondylitis), infectious diseases (such as spinal tuberculosis), sepsis, tumors, or lower limb joint diseases that may cause low back and lower limb pain, affecting physical activity;
Suffering from severe cardiovascular, cerebral, liver, or kidney disease;
Suffering from mental illness, dementia, or unable to cooperate to complete clinical research.
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Treatment groupsSee each treatment group below.