GDF-15 and Early Outcomes After LVAD Implantation

This observational study aims to investigate the association between preoperative GDF-15 levels and early postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation. The study will evaluate whether elevated preoperative GDF-15 levels are associated with adverse early outcomes, including postoperative complications and mortality. The findings may help improve preoperative risk assessment and identify high-risk patients before LVAD implantation.