Health enSuite Insomnia: an App-based Treatment for Adult Chronic Insomnia

Age 18 years or older Rationale: The intervention is designed for adults. Sleep patterns, treatment needs, and legal capacity for consent differ in children and adolescents, so participants must be legal adults to provide informed consent and to ensure relevance of the treatment content.

Experience one or more insomnia symptoms (e.g., difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or waking too early) at least 3 times per week for at least 3 months Rationale: This criterion aligns with standard diagnostic criteria for chronic insomnia (e.g., DSM-5, ICSD-3 (9,10), ensuring that the intervention targets individuals with persistent and clinically meaningful symptoms.

Have access to an internet-connected device (e.g., smartphone, tablet, or computer) Rationale: The CBT-I program is delivered entirely online via a mobile app or web platform. Participants must have reliable access to an internet-enabled device to complete program content, questionnaires, and sleep diaries.

Not currently working regular overnight shifts (e.g., shifts starting between 10:00 PM and 12:00 AM and ending between 6:00 AM and 8:00 AM) Rationale: Night shift work disrupts circadian rhythms and sleep patterns in ways that are distinct from chronic insomnia. Individuals who work night shifts may not benefit from a standardized sleep schedule and could face difficulties adhering to the intervention.