Patients with focal epilepsy often have diagnostic difficulties as their culprit for seizures are difficult to be picked up using conventional imaging. The current study is to investigate the utility of advanced MRI sequences on detection of subtle lesions accountable for focal epilepsy.
Consecutive patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy fulfilling the following criteria -
Clinical seminology compatible with focal epilepsy.
Electroencephalography pointing towards a specific site for focal epilepsy.
Positive ictal brain scintigraphy with SPECT-CT correlation. AND 2. Previous MRI (at least one study with protocol tailored for epilepsy) which did not reveal accountable focal lesion.
Patients who are contraindicated to magnetic resonance imaging (such as due to underlying MRI incompatible metallic implants)
Patients who cannot cooperate for MRI scanning.
Patients show are unable to provide informed consent.