It is aimed to investigate the responses of Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4 (FABP4), which has been discovered as a novel biomarker of obesity and metabolic diseases, to regular exercise training.
The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on cardiometabolic risk factors, body composition, and plasma FABP4 levels in sedentary obese adults.
Aged between 20 and 35 years,
BMI between 30 and 35 kg/m²,
Waist circumference of 90-100 cm for women, 105-110 cm for men,
Sedentary lifestyle (<600 MET-min/week),
BMI > 35,
Pregnancy,
Cardiovascular Diseases: Individuals with serious cardiovascular issues, such as uncontrolled hypertension, heart failure, coronary artery disease, or a heart attack within the last 6 months, which could pose a risk during exercise.
Respiratory Diseases: Individuals with chronic respiratory conditions, such as uncontrolled or severe asthma or COPD, who cannot tolerate exercise due to their condition.
Parallel
Exercise
Other interventionThe exercises will be applied only to the intervention group for 12 weeks and will be progressively intensified every 4 weeks.
Fatty acid-bling protein 4
The Human FABP4 (Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4, Adipocyte) ELISA Kit/96T/Feiyuebio will be used to evaluate fatty acid-binding proteins in the biological samples collected from the participants.
Complete Blood Count
used to evaluate overall health and detect a wide range of disorders, including anemia, infection, and many other diseases.
Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)
used to measure the average blood glucose levels over the past 2 to 3 months; commonly used in the diagnosis and management of diabetes.
Hematocrit (HCT)
sed to measure the proportion of red blood cells in the blood; helps evaluate conditions such as anemia, dehydration, and other blood disorders.
Physical Activity Level Assessment
The International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form will be used. A validity and reliability study has been conducted in Turkish, with test-retest reliability determined to be r=0.69. This form is self-administered and consists of seven questions assessing physical activity levels over the 'last seven days.' It provides information on time spent sitting, walking, engaging in moderate-intensity activities, and vigorous-intensity activities. The score is calculated by multiplying the minutes, days, and MET values. For calculations, 8 MET is used for vigorous physical activity, 4 MET for moderate-intensity activity, and 3.3 MET for walking. Since the scale is openly accessible, no usage permission is required.
Physical activity level
1. High Activity Level: Individuals who engage in vigorous-intensity physical activity (≥8 METs) for at least 3 days per week, accumulating a total of at least 1500 MET-minutes/week, or individuals who engage in any combination of physical activities across 7 days, accumulating at least 3000 MET-minutes/week. 2. Moderate Activity Level: Individuals who perform vigorous-intensity activity for more than 20 minutes on at least 3 days per week, or moderate-intensity activity for more than 30 minutes on at least 5 days per week, or those who accumulate a total of at least 600 MET-minutes/week through any combination of physical activities. 3. Low Activity (Sedentary) Level: Individuals whose total physical activity is less than 600 MET-minutes/week are considered sedentary. This indicates minimal physical activity, primarily consisting of sitting, light movement, and a generally inactive lifestyle.
Assessment of Aerobic Capacity and Exercise Intensity - used to measure an individual's maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and determine the intensity of exercise
The Bruce Treadmill Test protocol will be used to determine aerobic capacity and exercise intensity. Developed by Robert A. Bruce, the Bruce Treadmill Test protocol is widely used today for non-invasive estimation of VO2max. The incline and speed are regularly increased to reach the maximum level that an individual can achieve. The test consists of 9 stages. Prior to the test, participants will receive the necessary information, and their resting blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen saturation will be measured. At the end of each stage, an ECG measurement will be taken in addition to these measurements, and at the end of the test, all measurements will be repeated. The peak heart rate obtained at the end of the test will be considered the maximal heart rate. Additionally, the peak heart rate obtained will be used to determine the intensity of the exercise protocols.
Anthropometric Measurements
Height (m) will be assessed by tape
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