The primary goal will be to identify the optimal pulse protocol by systematically measuring the efficacy of various theta burst stimulation and repetitive rTMS protocols to increase and decrease the reward positivity in dependent smokers. The secondary objective will be to measure the protocols' effectiveness to increase decision-making capacity using the probabilistic selection task (PST). The third objective will be to specifically assess whether the TMS targets has a differential impact on state levels of craving relative to baseline (Tobacco Craving Questionnaire \[TCQ\]. The investigators plan to accomplish these three objectives using a randomized, controlled experiment involving 2 sessions.
Nicotine dependent individuals (according to the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test nicotine dependence score).
Be between the ages of 18 and 55 years old.
Not received substance abuse treatment within the previous 30 days.
Be in stable mental and physical health.
Contraindication to MRI (e.g., presence of metal in the skull, orbits or intracranial cavity, claustrophobia).
Contraindication to rTMS (history of neurological disorder or seizure, increased intracranial pressure, brain surgery, or head trauma with loss of consciousness for > 15 minutes, implanted electronic device, metal in the head, or pregnancy).
History of autoimmune, endocrine, viral, or vascular disorder affecting the brain.
History or MRI evidence of neurological disorder that would lead to local or diffuse brain lesions or significant physical impairment.