This study investigates the role of respiratory variation in the internal jugular vein as a tool for intraoperative fluid management during abdominal surgeries under general anesthesia.
The purpose of this clinical trial is to reduce postoperative complications and improve patient outcomes through proper intraoperative fluid management.
The main question it aims to answer is: Can intraoperative fluid management guided by the respiratory variation of the internal jugular vein during abdominal surgeries reduce postoperative complications? Research Hypothesis (Alternative Hypothesis): We hypothesize that fluid management guided by the respiratory variation of the internal jugular vein during abdominal surgeries can reduce postoperative complications.
The patients will be divided into two groups and randomized to receive either intraoperative fluid therapy guided by the respiratory variation of the internal jugular vein or standard fluid therapy. Postoperative complications, length of hospital stay, total amount of fluid administered intraoperatively, use of vasopressors in both groups, and incidence of hypotensive episodes will be recorded.
Patients' American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status (ASA) is I and II.
The target age group is 20 to 70 years old.
Patients scheduled for abdominal surgery under general anesthesia with normal renal function.
Refusal of the procedure or participation in the study.
Coagulopathy.
Pre-existing cardiac, renal, and respiratory diseases. 4-Internal jugular vein thrombosis