This study aims to compare lidocaine and dexmedetomidine infusion and their combination on perioperative pain in patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery.
Age ≥18 years old.
Both sexes.
American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status of I, II.
Patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) under general anesthesia.
Hypersensitivity to any of the used drugs.
Coagulation disorder.
Body mass index >35 kg/m2.
History of chronic pain requiring daily opioids/steroids/clonidine/other α2 agonist/analgesics or any drugs acting on the central nervous system during the previous 2 weeks, and drug/alcohol abuse.