The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if low-fidelity driving simulator training works to improve cognitive performance, driving behavior, and driving aptitude in individuals with Parkinson's disease. The main questions it aims to answer are:
* Does low-fidelity driving simulator training improve cognitive performance? * Does low-fidelity driving simulator training improve driving performance? * Does low-fidelity driving simulator training improve driving aptitude?
Researchers will compare driving simulator training to no-training (waitlist control group) to see if the low-fidelity driving simulator is effective in individuals with Parkinson's disease.
Participants will:
* Undergo 10 sessions of driving simulator training or be placed in the no-training group. * Training group participants will visit the driving simulator lab 2-3 times a week for 4 weeks for training. * Paper-based tests and driving simulator tests will be done before and after 10 sessions of training (or a waiting period).
Individuals with Parkinson's disease diagnosed by a movement disorder specialist.
Diagnosis of PD was based on the UK Brain Bank Diagnostic Criteria.
Hoehn and Yahr stage 1 to 3 in the medication ON state with no troublesome dyskinesia.
Minimum binocular acuity of 20/40 or better at least in one eye according to the Kansas DMV statutes.
Any concomitant neurological comorbidity, such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, or multiple sclerosis, that would hinder driving.
Atypical forms of Parkinsonism
History of substance abuse in the last 10 years.
History of uncontrolled psychiatric problems