* To determine the effects of moderate intensity exercise vs high intensity interval training on functional capacity in women with heart failure * To determine the effects of moderate intensity exercise vs high intensity interval training on quality of life in women with heart failure
Women aged 40-70 years, diagnosed with Stable Heart Failure (NYHA class II or III).
Clinically stable patients referred for exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation by the physician.
Able to perform exercise testing (able to walk 150 meters on the six-minute walk test) before starting the program.
Women willing to participate and provide informed consent.
Unstable Heart failure or myocardial infarction (< 4 weeks).
Severe arrhythmias, uncontrolled hypertension, or ongoing chest pain during exercise.
Orthopedic, neurological, or cognitive limitations preventing safe exercise participation.
Any medical contraindication to exercise testing.
Parallel
moderate-intensity aerobic training
Other interventionGroup A will undergo a moderate-intensity aerobic training program as part of a structured cardiac rehabilitation protocol. The program will be supervised sessions, conducted three times per week for 12 weeks. Each session will include approximately 30 minutes of aerobic exercise performed on a bicycle ergometer at an intensity of 60% of heart rate reserve (HRR)
High-intensity interval training
Other interventionGroup B will perform a high-intensity interval training (HIIT) program designed according to established cardiac rehabilitation protocols. Bicycle ergometer will be used, in which each session will begin with a 10-minute warm-up (lower limb large muscle stretches), followed by intervals performed at 80% of heart rate reserve (HRR) for 3 min, alternating with recovery periods at low intensity 40% of HRR for 3 min. The total exercise duration will be approximately 30 minutes per session, conducted three times weekly for 12 weeks under supervision. Participants will be encouraged to maintain self-directed exercise after the intervention period
Six-minute walk test
The Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) is a simple, submaximal test that evaluates functional capacity and exercise capacity in patients with chronic heart failure by measuring the distance walked and estimating peak VO2. It will be performed in a 30-meter corridor, where participants will walk as far as possible in six minutes, with heart rate and oxygen saturation monitored before and after the test. This study tested the validity and reliability of the six-minute walk test (6MWT) in cardiac rehabilitation patients, including those with heart failure.
EuroQol 5-Dimension Questionnaire
EuroQol 5-Dimension Questionnaire (EQ-5D): The EuroQol-5 Dimension (EQ-5D) is a questionnaire used to measure quality of life (QoL). It evaluates five key areas: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. Each area has one question, and responses together describe a person's overall health status. For the 5L, scores range from 5 to 25. A lower score indicates better health, while a higher score indicates greater health problems. Patients rate their overall health TODAY on a vertical scale from 0 (worst imaginable health) to 100 (best imaginable health)
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