Microvascular inflammation in kidney allografts has been widely reappraised in the recent update of Banff classification. There is a critical need to better understand the pathophysiological mechanisms associated with the various phenotypes of microvascular inflammation that are observed in kidney transplants, particularly in order to develop targeted therapeutic approaches.
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Inadequate biopsy according to the Banff classification
Missing data for Banff lesion scores, donor-specific antibody status, C4d staining
Biopsies showing histological signs of ischemia-reperfusion
Combined transplantation and kidney transplantation after a non-kidney solid organ transplantation